Compare
Asian carbon pricing, side by side
Status, scheme and headline number for every economy we have checked, then coverage, price and credit rules for the schemes with full pages.
13 November 2026
Every economy we have checked
"—" means not yet checked or no official figure. Scroll sideways on a phone.
| Country | Status | Scheme | Start | Headline number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | In operation | Safeguard Mechanism | 2016 (reformed 2023) | Generic ACCU A$37.95 (end Q2 2026); cost containment A$87.72 (2026–27) |
| China | In operation | National ETS + CCER | 2021 | CNY 74.63/t at end-2025; CNY 97.90/t at end-Aug 2026 |
| Indonesia | In operation | IDXCarbon | 26 Sep 2023 | Not published |
| Japan | In operation | GX-ETS | FY2026 (April 2026) | ¥1,700–¥4,300 band (FY2026) |
| S. Korea | In operation | K-ETS | 2015 | KRW 30,000 range on 20 Aug 2026, up from about KRW 10,000 on average in 2025 (ministry statement) |
| Singapore | In operation | Carbon tax + ICC | 2019 | S$45/tCO2e (2026–27) |
| Taiwan | In operation | Carbon Fee | 2025 | NT$300/tCO2e general; NT$50 / NT$100 preferential |
| Thailand | In operation | Carbon price in fuel excise | 2025 | THB 200/tCO2e (e.g. THB 0.548 per litre of diesel) |
| India | Pilot / preparing | Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (Indian Carbon Market) | 2023 (scheme); trading expected 2026-27 | No traded price yet; floor/ceiling band to be set by CERC |
| Vietnam | Pilot / preparing | Pilot ETS + domestic carbon exchange (HNX) | 2026 (exchange trading); caps from 2025 | Free allocation in the pilot; auctions planned from 2029 |
| Malaysia | Planned | Carbon Tax | — | — |
| Mongolia | Planned | Law on Climate Change carbon market framework | 2026-07-02 | — |
| Philippines | Planned | Low Carbon Economy Investment Act | — | — |
| Hong Kong | No mandatory carbon price | Core Climate (HKEX) | 2022 | Not published |
Fully covered schemes
| Country | Coverage | Price | Credits | Checked |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | 208 facilities >100,000 tCO2e; 29.9% of national emissions (2024–25) | Generic ACCU A$37.95 (end Q2 2026); cost containment A$87.72 (2026–27) | ACCUs and SMCs; ACCU use ≥30% of baseline must be explained | 2026-11-12 |
| China | 3,680 entities in power, steel, cement, aluminium; ~8.3 GtCO2, over 65% of national emissions (2026) | CNY 74.63/t at end-2025; CNY 97.90/t at end-Aug 2026 | CCER offsets up to 5% of allowances due | 2026-11-12 |
| Hong Kong | No compliance coverage; voluntary buyers (over 130 participants, Mar 2026) | Not published | Verra VCS and Gold Standard VERs | 2026-11-13 |
| India | 490 obligated entities (Jan 2026); 255 steel entities in draft | No traded price yet; floor/ceiling band to be set by CERC | Domestic offset mechanism (9 methodologies); Article 6 via JCM with Japan | 2026-11-12 |
| Indonesia | Exchange-wide; power-sector ETS covers 146 coal units (2024) | Not published | SPE-GRK offsets; foreign units allowed since Jul 2026 | 2026-11-12 |
| Japan | ≥100,000 tCO2 direct; ~300–400 firms; nearly 60% of GHG | ¥1,700–¥4,300 band (FY2026) | J-Credits and JCM up to 10% | 2026-11-12 |
| South Korea | 772 companies covered in Phase 4 | KRW 30,000 range on 20 Aug 2026, up from about KRW 10,000 on average in 2025 (ministry statement) | KOC/KCU offsets, legal ceiling 10% of surrender | 2026-11-12 |
| Singapore | ~70% of national GHG emissions (about 50 facilities ≥25,000 tCO2e) | S$45/tCO2e (2026–27) | International credits up to 5% of taxable emissions | 2026-11-12 |
| Taiwan | ~54% of national GHG emissions (pre-launch estimate); 461 plants ≥25,000 tCO2e | NT$300/tCO2e general; NT$50 / NT$100 preferential | Domestic credits up to 10%; recognised foreign credits up to 5% | 2026-11-12 |
| Thailand | Oil and petroleum products: gasoline, gasohol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel, LPG, fuel oil | THB 200/tCO2e (e.g. THB 0.548 per litre of diesel) | None under the excise; T-VER credits are voluntary | 2026-11-12 |
| Vietnam | 110 facilities in thermal power, iron and steel, cement; about 40% of emissions from facilities that must report | Free allocation in the pilot; auctions planned from 2029 | Up to 30% of allocated allowances; credits from 2021 onward | 2026-11-12 |
Prices
A price chart needs at least five schemes with comparable official prices; we have 2. In US dollars (calculated): Japan $10.7 – $27.2 (floor–ceiling); Singapore $35.1 (tax). Rates per USD: JPY 158.23, SGD 1.2821 (Federal Reserve H.10 (release of 9 Nov 2026), 2026-11-06).
Start dates
When each fully covered scheme started
- 2015-01-01South Korea: K-ETS Phase 1 starts
- 2016-07-01Australia: Safeguard Mechanism Safeguard Mechanism begins
- 2019-01-01Singapore: Carbon tax + ICC carbon tax starts
- 2021-07-16China: National ETS + CCER online trading starts
- 2022-10-28Hong Kong: Core Climate (HKEX) Core Climate launches
- 2023-06-28India: Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (Indian Carbon Market) scheme notified
- 2023-09-26Indonesia: IDXCarbon exchange launched
- 2025-01-01Taiwan: Carbon Fee fee rates take effect
- 2025-03-29Thailand: Carbon price in fuel excise carbon price in fuel excise takes effect
- 2026-04-01Japan: GX-ETS mandatory phase starts
- 2026-06-29Vietnam: Pilot ETS + domestic carbon exchange (HNX) exchange opens, first allowance trades
Source: Clean Energy Regulator; Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE); Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEX); Ministry of Power; Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDXCarbon); METI; Korea Ministry of Government Legislation, National Law Information Center (law.go.kr); Singapore Statutes Online, Attorney-General's Chambers; Climate Change Administration (CCA), Ministry of Environment; Royal Gazette (Secretariat of the Cabinet) / Excise Department, Ministry of Finance; Government Electronic Newspaper of Viet Nam (baochinhphu.vn).